What Is the Difference Between an MVV and a Residence Permit?

If you’re planning to move to the Netherlands, you may encounter two important immigration terms: MVV and residence permit. While they are often applied for together, they are not the same thing.

Understanding the difference helps you prepare properly before relocating.

What Is an MVV?

An MVV (Machtiging tot Voorlopig Verblijf) is a long-stay entry visa.

It is:

• A visa sticker placed in your passport
• Required for stays longer than 90 days
• Issued before you travel to the Netherlands
• Valid for entering the country

Think of it as permission to enter the Netherlands for long-term residence.

You usually apply for an MVV at the Dutch embassy or consulate in your home country.

What Is a Residence Permit?

A residence permit (verblijfsvergunning) is the document that allows you to legally live (and sometimes work) in the Netherlands after you arrive.

It:

• Is issued once you are in the Netherlands
• Specifies your purpose of stay (work, study, family, etc.)
• Has a defined validity period
• Is required for stays longer than 90 days

The residence permit is what legally authorizes your long-term stay.

How Do They Work Together?

For many non-EU nationals, the process is combined under what’s called the TEV procedure (Entry and Residence Procedure).

In this case:

1. Your sponsor (employer, university, or partner) applies on your behalf
2. The Dutch Immigration Service approves both the MVV and residence permit
3. You collect the MVV from the Dutch embassy
4. You travel to the Netherlands
5. You collect your residence permit card after arrival

Who Needs an MVV?

Whether you need an MVV depends on:

• Your nationality
• The purpose of your stay
• The length of stay

Citizens of the EU/EEA and Switzerland do not need an MVV or residence permit.

Some non-EU nationals are exempt from the MVV requirement but still need a residence permit.

Key Differences at a Glance

MVVResidence PermitEntry visaLegal stay authorizationObtained before travelIssued after arrivalPlaced in passportIssued as a separate ID cardValid for entryValid for living and working

Common Reasons for a Residence Permit

• Highly skilled migrant employment
• Intra-company transfer
• Study at a Dutch university
• Family reunification
• Self-employment

Each category has specific requirements and documentation.

How Long Does It Take?

Processing times vary depending on:

• The type of application
• Your nationality
• Whether your employer is a recognized sponsor

Most applications are processed within several weeks to a few months.

Practical Tip for Expats

If you’re relocating for work, your employer typically handles most of the process. Still, it’s important to:

• Confirm whether you need an MVV
• Track processing timelines
• Plan your travel around approval
• Arrange temporary accommodation for arrival

Because your residence permit card may not be ready immediately upon arrival, flexible housing can help reduce stress during the transition period.

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